Antonio Sánchez García @sangarccs
«La historia de América Latina es la historia de un fracaso»
Carlos Rangel, Del buen salvaje al buen revolucionario, 1976
«Las políticas deben conformarse al marco de la narrativa prevalente, mientras que la gran tarea de la política es dar forma a la narrativa del mañana. No sorprende, entonces, que mientras Obama empleara sus ocho minutos en Panamá para esbozar iniciativas de políticas concretas que aportarían la mayor felicidad al mayor número, Castro pasara 48 minutos reinventando el pasado.» Ricardo Hausman.
Bajo la perspicaz observación de Ricardo Hausman, que nos enfrenta al permanente anclaje en el pasado que nos lastra, como etiología de la neurosis política de Venezuela y de toda América Latina, leo con creciente interés un esbozo biográfico del líder socialcristiano chileno Eduardo Frei Montalva, fundador de la Democracia Cristiana, ex senador, ex ministro y ex presidente de la república y padre de Eduardo Frei Ruiz Tagle, asimismo ex presidente de Chile, escrita por Cristián Gazmuri.[1] Nacido en 1911 y fallecido en 1982, a los setenta y un años, abogado, hombre de extraordinarios méritos personales, de modestos orígenes y de grandes ambiciones políticas, dio su vida por la construcción de una nueva referencia política en Chile. Surgida del catolicismo tradicionalista de los años treinta, vinculada al Partido Conservador y derivada en la Falange Nacional, dicha referencia creció al calor del inagotable esfuerzo de Eduardo Frei hasta convertirse en el Partido Demócrata Cristiano chileno en 1957. En tan solo siete años de pleno despliegue logró la máxima aspiración de cualquier colectividad política: conquistar la presidencia de la república. Que ejerció hasta traspasarle el Poder a una coalición de izquierda encabezada por su colega parlamentario y amigo personal Salvador Allende, abriendo las compuertas a la peor tragedia vivida por el pueblo chileno en su historia bicentenaria, como la calificara el más importante historiador chileno del Siglo XX, compañero político y amigo fundacional de la Falange junto a Eduardo Frei, Don Mario Góngora.
En muchos aspectos y al margen de sus resonantes éxitos, el balance final de la vida de Eduardo Frei Montalva no deja de mostrar rasgos trágicos. Contribuye con su propio accionar tras el sueño de construir una referencia de centro, verdaderamente independiente y con clara vocación social de servicio entre los fortines de la derecha tradicional y la izquierda marxista, a la radicalización del proceso sociopolítico chileno, favoreciendo indirectamente la polarización que termina por dinamitar su propia criatura, entorpecer la unidad de las fuerzas democrático institucionales del país y permitir el triunfo de las fuerzas del castrocomunismo, su más encarnizado enemigo. No sin ciertos dejos de razón, la derecha continental lo etiquetó como el Kerensky chileno. Para terminar respaldando la única salida que vio posible a la desintegración de su país – el golpe de Estado – como se lo fundamentara en una trascendental misiva a su amigo Mariano Rumor, presidente de la Democracia Cristiana Internacional, para caer, finalmente, en los brazos de una feroz dictadura militar, cuyo factor hegemónico terminara ordenando su asesinato.
Toda una vida de sacrificios y de éxitos, para terminar convertido en la víctima propiciatoria de un sacrificio ritual. Hay muchos paralelismos entre su vida y la de su amigo Rafael Caldera, en el extremo norte del subcontinente. Cuyo segundo gobierno, al igual que el gobierno de Eduardo Frei, sirviera de antesala al asalto de la barbarie. Y hoy, tras el sistemático desmontaje en curso de la magnífica y soberbia obra de la Concertación, en gran medida herencia de su centrismo democrático e institucional como única fórmula posible para el desarrollo de la región, cabe preguntarse si esa vía del equilibrio entre la tradición y la modernidad, el pasado y el futuro, la representación cabal de todos los grupos de intereses tras un común sentido de Nación, sin rupturas existenciales ni hiatos trágicos, sin hostilidades mortales y luchas fratricidas, aún es posible en un continente en perpetua disgregación y en donde los delirios de uno y otro extremo parecen seguir subyugando a sus gentes. ¿Estamos condenados al fracaso? Me asalta la pregunta contestada afirmativamente por Carlos Rangel hace cuarenta años al leer el perfil biográfico de Eduardo Frei. Otra incógnita más de nuestra tragedia congénita.
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